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Mastitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

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Mastitis is an inflammation of breast tissue that can cause pain, swelling, and flu-like symptoms. It’s a common issue for breastfeeding moms but can often be resolved with prompt treatment and adjustments to your nursing routine.

What is Mastitis?

Mastitis occurs when milk is trapped in the breast (milk stasis), often combined with an infection. It typically affects one breast and can develop suddenly. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), mastitis is most common in the first six weeks postpartum but can happen at any stage (source https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Common-Questions.aspx).

Symptoms of Mastitis

  • Breast tenderness or warmth.
  • Swelling or redness, often in a wedge-shaped area.
  • Pain or burning during nursing.
  • Fever and chills.
  • Fatigue or flu-like symptoms.

Common Causes of Mastitis

  1. Milk Stasis: Incomplete emptying of the breast can lead to clogged ducts, a major trigger for mastitis.
  2. Poor Latch: A shallow latch prevents effective milk removal.
  3. Skipped Feedings: Going too long without nursing or pumping can cause engorgement.
  4. Tight Clothing: Pressure from bras or clothing can block milk flow.
  5. Cracked Nipples: Open sores can allow bacteria to enter, leading to infection.

How to Treat Mastitis

If you suspect mastitis, it’s essential to act quickly to prevent complications:

  • Continue Breastfeeding: Nursing frequently helps clear milk stasis and unclog ducts. It’s safe for your baby to nurse during mastitis.
  • Apply Warm Compresses: Use a warm cloth or take a warm shower before nursing to encourage milk flow.
  • Massage the Breast: Gently massage the affected area toward the nipple during nursing or pumping.
  • Stay Hydrated and Rest: Drink plenty of water and rest as much as possible to help your body fight the infection.
  • Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can reduce pain and inflammation.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare provider if:

  • Symptoms don’t improve within 24–48 hours.
  • You develop a high fever or severe symptoms.
  • There’s pus or blood in your milk. You may need antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection. It’s safe to continue breastfeeding while taking most antibiotics, but confirm with your doctor or midwife.

Preventing Mastitis

  • Empty Your Breasts Regularly: Nurse or pump every 2–3 hours.
  • Ensure a Good Latch: A deep latch prevents milk stasis.
  • Avoid Tight Clothing: Wear loose-fitting bras and clothes.
  • Stay Hydrated: Moving fluids through your own body can help.
  • Alternate Nursing Positions: Rotate holds to ensure all areas of the breast are emptied.
  • Address Engorgement Early: Use warm compresses and express milk if needed.

Mastitis and Your Breastfeeding Journey

While mastitis can be painful and exhausting, it’s treatable with early intervention. By understanding the causes and staying proactive, you can recover quickly and continue providing for your baby.

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